The concept of andragogy (adult learning theory) was popularized by Malcolm Knowles. It’s based on the idea that adults learn differently from children. The key principles of andragogy are:
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Need to Know
Adults need to understand why they need to learn something before they engage in learning. Relevance and purpose are important. -
Learners’ Self-Concept
Adults see themselves as responsible for their own decisions. They prefer to be treated as self-directed rather than dependent learners. -
Prior Experience
Adults bring a wealth of life and work experiences to learning. These experiences can be a rich resource, but can also create biases or rigid viewpoints. -
Readiness to Learn
Adults are ready to learn when they see the value of knowledge or skills in solving real-life problems or fulfilling social roles. -
Orientation to Learning
Adult learning is problem-centered rather than content-centered. They learn best when they see immediate application to real-life tasks. -
Motivation to Learn
While external factors (like promotions or requirements) matter, adults are primarily motivated by internal factors—such as self-esteem, curiosity, personal growth, and quality of life.